The purpose of this paper was to investigate the roles, challenges and possible solutions of enhancing biology teaching through Artificial Intelligence in the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Three research questions guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised 206 Biology lecturers, 15 lecturers from Science Education Department and 191 lecturers from Biological Sciences, for the 2024/2025 academic session. The sample size of the study consisted of 136 Biology lecturers. The instrument for data collection is a 30-item questionnaire titled Roles, Challenges and Solutions of Artificial Intelligence in Biology Teaching Questionnaire (RCS-AIBTQ). The instrument was validated by four experts from biological Sciences and Science Education, and the reliability of the three clusters of the instrument were determined using Cronbach Alpha which yielded reliability coefficients of 0.94, 0.94, 0.97 respectively with an overall Reliability of 0.95. The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation. The findings of the study revealed that Artificial Intelligence plays important roles in enhancing Biology teaching, including improving visualization of concepts, supporting inquiry and problem-solving through virtual labs, providing personalized learning and feedback through intelligent tutoring systems among others. It was also found that lecturers encountered several challenges in using Artificial Intelligence and possible solutions to these challenges were proffered. Based on the findings, recommendations were made such as Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Biology teaching to enhance visualization of concepts, support personalized learning, and increase students’ engagement.