The study examined the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a transformative tool in mathematics education in Ebonyi State, Nigeria, with a focus on its potential to bridge skill gaps and promote economic growth. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from respondents in selected tertiary institutions through a structured questionnaire. The findings revealed that AI integration significantly improves students’ mathematics performance and learning outcomes compared to traditional teaching methods, particularly through personalized and adaptive learning experiences. However, the effectiveness of AI depends largely on factors such as adequate digital infrastructure, teacher preparedness, and proper curriculum integration. The study further established that AI has strong potential to enhance workforce readiness and contribute to economic development in Nigeria. It was therefore recommended that stakeholders invest in infrastructure, build teachers’ capacity, develop context-relevant AI solutions, and implement supportive policies to ensure equitable access and successful adoption of AI in education.